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Pelayanan CS yang ramah dan Proffesional dan pastinya sangat aman juga bisa anda dapatkan di Sentanapoker.yessy haryantohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16503331838637071246noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-68867422084001561562013-03-30T11:12:44.998+00:002013-03-30T11:12:44.998+00:00I hope that you get some funding for it. We'd...I hope that you get some funding for it. We'd all be interested to learn about these dialects. I don't know anything at all about Hawick.Edhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04081841460525341333noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-38785523056428991022013-03-29T10:13:04.590+00:002013-03-29T10:13:04.590+00:00@ Ed: The pilot looked at Hawick (what an amazing ...@ Ed: The pilot looked at Hawick (what an amazing dialect!) and Westerhope, Newcastle. A wider atlas project is only in early planning stages I'm afraid (and, assuming those plans come together, would be dependent upon generous funding from one of the research councils).Paltoguehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00961821462981797028noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-12778515343783416242013-03-29T09:26:49.509+00:002013-03-29T09:26:49.509+00:00There's some research by David Britain showing...There's some research by David Britain showing that the MOAN/MOWN (or GOAT/SNOW) distinction is surprisingly robust in the Fenland area of Norfolk:<br /><br />dʒɔnəθən dʒɔːdnJHJhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03257258313943639485noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-72580809738311203742013-03-28T22:19:47.621+00:002013-03-28T22:19:47.621+00:00@ Warren Maguire: That's some interesting inf...@ Warren Maguire: That's some interesting information. Thanks for your post. <br /><br />I've just had a look at your website. Your NESPS sounds fascinating. I'd be interested to know what the sites are.Edhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04081841460525341333noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-30733157370076951672013-03-28T15:39:31.580+00:002013-03-28T15:39:31.580+00:00@Steve Doerr: this sounds like the BOARD/BORED sp...@Steve Doerr: this sounds like the BOARD/BORED split. It's part of my native phonology, but I've consciously abandoned my BOARD allophone as a result of living in the US.vphttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16647609487352038948noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-49651811568517850172013-03-28T09:37:52.982+00:002013-03-28T09:37:52.982+00:00@John Cowan: 'Steve: What is the difference be...@John Cowan: <a href="#c8998714101271371495" rel="nofollow">'Steve: What is the difference between your THOUGHT, your MORE/MAW, and your FORCE=NORTH?'</a><br /><br />MORE/MAW is an open vowel. The others are closer, and very similar to each other, but subtly different depending on the presence of an <r> (despite the fact that my London-area accent is non-rhotic). <em>Laud</em> ≠ <em>lord</em> for me. MORE/MAW occurs in open syllables, but also in morphologically related words, e.g. <em>torn</em> has the open vowel of <em>tore</em> (or, at least, it did have in my teens when I remember having a lengthy discussion about the pronunciation of this word with a school mate, for whom it rhymed with <em>lawn</em>).Steve Doerrhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/18210787261745134371noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-31066880183451069522013-03-28T09:28:18.904+00:002013-03-28T09:28:18.904+00:00John Cowan: "I use FACE, TRAIL, FREIGHT. As f...John Cowan: "I use FACE, TRAIL, FREIGHT. As far as I know, there is no accent in which all three are distinct, and FREIGHT is a rather small lexical set."<br /><br />Even ignoring Scots, there certainly were traditional dialects with this distinction in the mid-20th century, although how much that is still the case is another matter. So traditionally in Northumberland, <i>mate</i> was [mjɛt], <i>bait</i> was [be:t], and <i>eight</i> was [ɛit] (= PRICE vowel in SVLR short environments). In 2006, I recorded a speaker in north Northumberland with this system (variably of course). In Tyneside, as far as I can tell, <i>mate=bait=eight</i>, with some speakers still having [ɛi] variably in 'eight' words, and with [jɛ] lexicalised in a few items for some speakers (e.g. 'chebble' for 'table'; compare '(h)yem' for 'home', also from northern Middle English /a:/).Paltoguehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00961821462981797028noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-6499311496591528412013-03-28T08:59:46.714+00:002013-03-28T08:59:46.714+00:00Ed: "On another point, which accents have FLE...Ed: "On another point, which accents have FLEECE and BEAM distinct? I know that this was a feature of traditional northern accents, but it is now very rare. Are the sets still distinct in parts of Ireland?"<br /><br />Yes, 'MEET' and 'MEAT' (as they are usually called) are still variably distinct for some speakers in (rural?) Ireland. Over the last 10 years, I have recorded some farmers in County Tyrone with levels of over 70% or even 80% FACE-like vowels in MEAT. Having grown up there, I also have this variable distinction, though in a reduced set of words and only in the most colloquial and local of contexts (e.g. beak, beat, cheap, decent, eat, heat, Jesus, meal (flour), meat, peace, seat, weak). The vowel is very like that of FACE, but is probably in near merger with it rather than identical to it (in some phonological environments at least).Paltoguehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00961821462981797028noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-79006241512159146852013-03-28T08:41:28.440+00:002013-03-28T08:41:28.440+00:00@ Piotr Gasiorowski: You have guessed correctly: t...@ Piotr Gasiorowski: You have guessed correctly: the /ɛɪjə/ occurs before a final lateral. I just mentioned it to contrast with the many accents in which TRAIL is monosyllabic.<br /><br />@ John Cowan: I see what you mean now.<br />Some accents have fe:s tre:l frɛɪt<br />Others have fe:s trɛɪl frɛɪt<br /><br />I suggest that "wait" might be a better keyword than "trail", as the latter involves L-vocalisation or pre-L breaking in some accents.Edhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04081841460525341333noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-44740761286677950562013-03-28T08:18:32.927+00:002013-03-28T08:18:32.927+00:00 J. M. R. wrote:
“But, again, ʌr is not a vowel. ... J. M. R. wrote:<br /> “But, again, <b>ʌr</b> is not a vowel. Scottish <i>nurse</i> STRUT, <i>term</i> is DRESS and <i>dirt</i> is KIT.”<br /><br /> 1. I never wrote that <b>ʌr</b> was a vowel, but explicitly stated that “the vowels are /ʌ~ɛ~ɪ/”.<br /><br /> 2. I never mentioned John’s lexical set in connection with <i>nurse</i>, <i>term</i> and <i>dirt</i>, but only in reference to Karen’s <em>bawl~ball</em> distinction.<br /><br /> 3. People who read what they comment on definitely have an advantage over those who don’t.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-89304928263585811792013-03-28T07:42:14.086+00:002013-03-28T07:42:14.086+00:00But, again, ʌr is not a vowel. Scottish nurse STRU...But, again, <b>ʌr</b> is not a vowel. Scottish <i>nurse</i> STRUT, <i>term</i> is DRESS and <i>dirt</i> is KIT.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-89987141012713714952013-03-28T03:04:43.452+00:002013-03-28T03:04:43.452+00:00Ed: TRAIL may not be an optimal choice: it is mea...Ed: TRAIL may not be an optimal choice: it is meant to be distinct from FACE in accents that don't have the long mid mergers. FREIGHT is all about Yorkshire varieties where /x/ was lost in <i>freight, eight</i> late, causing <i>late</i> not to rhyme with the first two. See WP's discussion of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of_English_high_front_vowels#fleece_merger" rel="nofollow">the <i>fleece</i> merger</a> for FLEECE vs. BEAM.<br /><br />Steve: What is the difference between your THOUGHT, your MORE/MAW, and your FORCE=NORTH?John Cowanhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/11452247999156925669noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-72782789534506265392013-03-27T23:25:49.171+00:002013-03-27T23:25:49.171+00:00J.M.R.
Wow... All of a sudden I feel like John Cow...J.M.R.<br /><i>Wow... All of a sudden I feel like John Cowan and Steve Doerr didn't understand the idea of lexical sets.<br /><br />Or perhaps I didn't. </i><br /><br />John Wells's lexical sets aim to cover only two accents: RP and his "GenAm". John Cowan's and Steve Doerr's aim to cover more accents (e.g. Scottish and Irish accents which split the NURSE set).vphttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16647609487352038948noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-27620674727557733502013-03-27T23:07:28.067+00:002013-03-27T23:07:28.067+00:00 J. M. R., what you claimed was that nurse, term a... J. M. R., what you claimed was that <i>nurse</i>, <i>term</i> and <i>dirt</i> all have the same vowel. However in Scottish English the vowels are /ʌ~ɛ~ɪ/. Thus <em>not</em> all the same.<br /> As to Karen: I gathered that she distinguishes <em>bawl~ball~bowl</em> and took it for granted that her vowel in <em>bowl</em> is the same phoneme as her vowel in <em>though</em>. Now if you say she also has <em>though</em> in <em>bawl</em> it can’t be true that she distinguishes <em>bawl~ball~bowl</em>... OMG!Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-9099102993439916572013-03-27T22:28:58.277+00:002013-03-27T22:28:58.277+00:00But ʌr is not a vowel.
If what Karen says is tru...But <b>ʌr</b> is not a vowel. <br /><br />If what Karen says is true, then her <i>ball</i> is LOT and words spelt with ‹au› are THOUGH.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-41688627355785136832013-03-27T22:04:17.863+00:002013-03-27T22:04:17.863+00:00"What need is there for nurse, term and dirt ...<i>"What need is there for </i>nurse<i>, </i>term<i> and </i>dirt<i> when it is all the same vowel?"</i><br /><br />If you're right, then Wikipedia needs correcting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_set#Extensions_for_English" rel="nofollow">here</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern%E2%80%93fir%E2%80%93fur_merger#Fern.E2.80.93fir.E2.80.93fur_merger" rel="nofollow">here</a>, where it claims that <i>fir/fur/fern</i> aren't fully merged in some accents. I guess it doesn't give minimal pairs involving TERM, but if the spelling is anything to go by then I suppose that possibilities may include <i>Sterling/Stirling</i> or <i>berth/birth</i>, and <i>kerb/curb</i> or <i>serf/surf</i>.Alanhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/10627322349797202893noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-75879404547274057702013-03-27T21:59:53.670+00:002013-03-27T21:59:53.670+00:00 J. M. R. wrote:
What need is there for nurse, te... J. M. R. wrote:<br /> What need is there for <i>nurse</i>, <i>term</i> and <i>dirt</i> when it is all the same vowel? A word in a Wellsian lexical set is a phoneme with a number of diaphonemic variations and the set is complete.<br /><br /> In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_English#Phonology" rel="nofollow">Scottish English</a>, what is RP /ɜː/ in <i>nurse</i>, <i>term</i> and <i>dirt</i> is /ʌr~ɛr~ɪr/, so these three words do not all have the same vowel.<br /> Also, in January we had a discussion of the <a href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.de/2013/01/bawl-and-ball.html" rel="nofollow"><em>bawl~ball</em></a> distinction made by some Americans. I must say that it doesn’t look as though John’s lexical set were complete, and it never pretended to be.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-26401477089521475702013-03-27T21:38:52.933+00:002013-03-27T21:38:52.933+00:00Ed: If you think that no accent makes a three-way ...Ed: <i>If you think that no accent makes a three-way distinction, what is the reason for having the three lexical sets.</i><br /><br />Are they really three distinct lexical sets? The diphthong breaking in TRAIL looks allophonic to me. Does [ɛɪjə] occur in other environments, or just before a dark lateral?Piotr Gąsiorowskihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06339278493073512102noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-15398190950163829722013-03-27T21:35:52.657+00:002013-03-27T21:35:52.657+00:00If you think that no accent makes a three-way dist...<i>If you think that no accent makes a three-way distinction, what is the reason for having the three lexical sets.</i><br /><br />That doesn't follow. For example, even just considering one accent that has A=B vs C and another that has A=C vs B, you need all three sets.Alanhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/10627322349797202893noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-64195005007026552222013-03-27T20:19:24.106+00:002013-03-27T20:19:24.106+00:00Wow... All of a sudden I feel like John Cowan and ...Wow... All of a sudden I feel like John Cowan and Steve Doerr didn't understand the idea of lexical sets.<br /><br />Or perhaps I didn't. <br /><br />There was no need to add a plethora of weird words to the list because the Wellsian list is complete. What need is there for <i>nurse</i>, <i>term</i> and <i>dirt</i> when it is all the same vowel? A word in a Wellsian lexical set is a phoneme with a number of diaphonemic variations and the set is complete.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-85430639914064123732013-03-27T19:51:28.179+00:002013-03-27T19:51:28.179+00:00I use FACE, TRAIL, FREIGHT. As far as I know, ther...<i>I use FACE, TRAIL, FREIGHT. As far as I know, there is no accent in which all three are distinct, and FREIGHT is a rather small lexical set.</i><br /><br />I've checked in Shorrocks (1998), and the Bolton accent has [fe:s] for FACE, [trɛɪjəl] for TRAIL and [frɛɪt] for FREIGHT. I expect that this is true of much of Lancashire. <br /><br />If you think that no accent makes a three-way distinction, what is the reason for having the three lexical sets.<br /><br />On another point, which accents have FLEECE and BEAM distinct? I know that this was a feature of traditional northern accents, but it is now very rare. Are the sets still distinct in parts of Ireland?<br /><br />Ed AveyardEdhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04081841460525341333noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-377103124456226005.post-39073952572340061662013-03-27T15:51:48.863+00:002013-03-27T15:51:48.863+00:00What a nice idea! Here's mine: TRAP=BAD, GOAT=...What a nice idea! Here's mine: TRAP=BAD, GOAT=SNOW, NURSE=TERM=DIRT, BATH=DANCE=PALM=START, PRICE, MOUTH, DRESS, SQUARE, FACE=TRAIL=FREIGHT, KIT, FLEECE=BEAM, NEAR, THOUGHT, NORTH=FORCE, MORE=MAW, CHOICE, LOT=CLOTH, FOOT, GOOSE=THREW, CURE, STRUTSteve Doerrhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/18210787261745134371noreply@blogger.com